[fs.path.decompose]

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path root_name() const;

Returns: root-name, if the pathname in the generic format includes root-name, otherwise path().

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path root_directory() const;

Returns: root-directory, if the pathname in the generic format includes root-directory, otherwise path().

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path root_path() const;

Returns: root_name() / root_directory().

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path relative_path() const;

Returns: A path composed from the pathname in the generic format, if empty() is false, beginning with the first filename after root_path().

Otherwise, path().

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path parent_path() const;

Returns: *this if has_relative_path() is false, otherwise a path whose generic format pathname is the longest prefix of the generic format pathname of *this that produces one fewer element in its iteration.

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path filename() const;

[Example 1: path("/foo/bar.txt").filename(); / yields "bar.txt" path("/foo/bar").filename(); / yields "bar" path("/foo/bar/").filename(); / yields "" path("/").filename(); / yields "" path("/host").filename(); / yields "" path(".").filename(); / yields "." path("..").filename(); / yields ".." — end example]

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path stem() const;

Returns: Let f be the generic format pathname of filename().

Returns a path whose pathname in the generic format is

(8.1)
f, if it contains no periods other than a leading period or consists solely of one or two periods;
(8.2)
otherwise, the prefix of f ending before its last period.

[Example 2: std::cout << path("/foo/bar.txt").stem(); / outputs "bar" path p = "foo.bar.baz.tar"; for (; !p.extension().empty(); p = p.stem() std::cout << p.extension() << '\n'; / outputs: .tar / .baz / .bar — end example]

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path extension() const;

Returns: A path whose pathname in the generic format is the suffix of filename() not included in stem().

[Example 3: path("/foo/bar.txt").extension(); / yields ".txt" and stem() is "bar" path("/foo/bar").extension(); / yields "" and stem() is "bar" path("/foo/.profile").extension(); / yields "" and stem() is ".profile" path(".bar").extension(); / yields "" and stem() is ".bar" path("..bar").extension(); / yields ".bar" and stem() is "." — end example]

[Note 1:

The period is included in the return value so that it is possible to distinguish between no extension and an empty extension.

— end note]

[Note 2:

On non-POSIX operating systems, for a path p, it is possible that p.stem() + p.extension() == p.filename() is false, even though the generic format pathnames are the same.

— end note]

31 Input/output library [input.output]

31.12 File systems [filesystems]

31.12.6 Class path [fs.class.path]

31.12.6.5 Members [fs.path.member]

31.12.6.5.9 Decomposition [fs.path.decompose]