Reserved IP addresses

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In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) have reserved various Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for special purposes.[1]

IPv4[edit]

This section is transcluded from IPv4#Special-use_addresses. (history)

IPv4 designates special usage or applications for various addresses or address blocks: [1][2][3]

Special address blocks
Address block Address range Number of addresses Scope Description
0.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0–0.255.255.255 16777216 Software Current network[4] (only valid as source address).
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 16777216 Private network Used for local communications within a private network.[5]
100.64.0.0/10 100.64.0.0–100.127.255.255 4194304 Private network Shared address space[6] for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a carrier-grade NAT.
127.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255 16777216 Host Used for loopback addresses to the local host.[4]
169.254.0.0/16 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 65536 Subnet Used for link-local addresses[7] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server.
172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 1048576 Private network Used for local communications within a private network.[5]
192.0.0.0/24 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 256 Private network IETF Protocol Assignments.[4]
192.0.2.0/24 192.0.2.0–192.0.2.255 256 Documentation Assigned as TEST-NET-1, documentation and examples.[8]
192.88.99.0/24 192.88.99.0–192.88.99.255 256 Internet Reserved.[9] Formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay[10] (included IPv6 address block 2002::/16).
192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255 65536 Private network Used for local communications within a private network.[5]
198.18.0.0/15 198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255 131072 Private network Used for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets.[11]
198.51.100.0/24 198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255 256 Documentation Assigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and examples.[8]
203.0.113.0/24 203.0.113.0–203.0.113.255 256 Documentation Assigned as TEST-NET-3, documentation and examples.[8]
224.0.0.0/4 224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255 268435456 Internet In use for IP multicast.[12] (Former Class D network).
240.0.0.0/4 240.0.0.0–255.255.255.254 268435455 Internet Reserved for future use.[13] (Former Class E network).
255.255.255.255/32 255.255.255.255 1 Subnet Reserved for the "limited broadcast" destination address.[4][14]

IPv6[edit]

This section is transcluded from IPv6 address#Special addresses. (history)

IPv6 assigns special uses or applications for various IP addresses:[1][15]

Special address blocks
Address block (CIDR) First address Last address Number of addresses Usage Purpose
::/0 :: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2128 Routing Default route (no specific route)
::/128 :: 1 Software Unspecified address
::1/128 ::1 1 Host Loopback address—a virtual interface that loops all traffic back to itself, the local host
::ffff:0:0/96 ::ffff:0.0.0.0 ::ffff:255.255.255.255 2128−96 = 232 = 4294967296 Software IPv4-mapped addresses
::ffff:0:0:0/96 ::ffff:0:0.0.0.0 ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 232 Software IPv4 translated addresses
64:ff9b::/96 64:ff9b::0.0.0.0 64:ff9b::255.255.255.255 232 Global Internet IPv4/IPv6 translation[16]
100::/64 100:: 100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 264 Routing Discard prefix[17]
2001::/32 2001:: 2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 296 Global Internet Teredo tunneling
2001:20::/28 2001:20:: 2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2100 Software ORCHIDv2[18]
2001:db8::/32 2001:db8:: 2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 296 Documentation Addresses used in documentation and example source code[19]
2002::/16 2002:: 2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2112 Global Internet The 6to4 addressing scheme (deprecated)[9]
fc00::/7 fc00:: fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2121 Private internets Unique local address[20]
fe80::/10 fe80:: fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 264 Link Link-local address
ff00::/8 ff00:: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2120 Global Internet Multicast address

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; R. Bonica; B. Haberman (April 2013). 6890. Updated by RFC 8190.
  2. ^ https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml
  3. ^ "192.168.0.1 Private network". Router Admin.
  4. ^ a b c d M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; R. Bonica; B. Haberman (April 2013). 6890. Updated by RFC 8190.
  5. ^ a b c Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). 1918. Updated by RFC 6761.
  6. ^ J. Weil; V. Kuarsingh; C. Donley; C. Liljenstolpe; M. Azinger (April 2012). 6598.
  7. ^ S. Cheshire; B. Aboba; E. Guttman (May 2005). 3927.
  8. ^ a b c J. Arkko; M. Cotton; L. Vegoda (January 2010). 5737.
  9. ^ a b O. Troan (May 2015). B. Carpenter (ed.). 7526.
  10. ^ C. Huitema (June 2001). 3068. Obsoleted by RFC 7526.
  11. ^ S. Bradner; J. McQuaid (March 1999). 2544. Updated by: RFC 6201 and RFC 6815.
  12. ^ M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). 5771.
  13. ^ J. Reynolds, ed. (January 2002). 3232. Obsoletes RFC 1700.
  14. ^ Jeffrey Mogul (October 1984). 919.
  15. ^ R. Hinden; S. Deering (December 1995). 1884. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  16. ^ C. Bao; C. Huitema; M. Bagnulo; M. Boucadair; X. Li (October 2010). 6052.
  17. ^ N. Hilliard; D. Freedman (August 2012). 6666.
  18. ^ J. Laganier; F. Dupont (September 2014). 7343.
  19. ^ G. Huston; A. Lord; P. Smith (July 2004). 3849.
  20. ^ R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). 4193.

External links[edit]

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