operator+,-,*,/ (std::complex)

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Memory management library

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

General utilities library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Strings library

Text processing library

Numerics library

Date and time library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution control library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Numerics library

Common mathematical functions
Mathematical special functions (C++17)
Mathematical constants (C++20)
Basic linear algebra algorithms (C++26)
Data-parallel types (SIMD) (C++26)
Floating-point environment (C++11)
Complex numbers
Numeric array (valarray)
Pseudo-random number generation
Bit manipulation (C++20)
Saturation arithmetic (C++26)
Factor operations
gcd (C++17)	lcm (C++17)
Interpolations
midpoint (C++20)	lerp (C++20)
Generic numeric operations
iota (C++11) ranges::iota (C++23) accumulate inner_product adjacent_difference    partial_sum	reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17) inclusive_scan (C++17) exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
C-style checked integer arithmetic
ckd_add (C++26) ckd_sub (C++26)	ckd_mul (C++26)

 

std::complex

Member functions
complex::complex complex::operator= complex::real complex::imag	complex::operator+=complex::operator-=complex::operator*=complex::operator/=
Non-member functions
operator+operator- operator+operator-operator*operator/ operator==operator!= (until C++20)   operator<<operator>> get(std::complex) (C++26)	real imag abs arg norm conj proj (C++11) polar operator""ioperator""ifoperator""il (C++14)(C++14)(C++14)
Exponential functions
log   log10   exp
Power functions
pow   sqrt
Trigonometric functions
sin   cos tan asin (C++11) acos (C++11) atan (C++11)
Hyperbolic functions
sinh   cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)
Helper types
tuple_size<std::complex> (C++26)
tuple_element<std::complex> (C++26)

 

(1)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator+( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator+( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(2)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator+( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const T& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator+( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const T& rhs );

(since C++20)

(3)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator+( const T& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator+( const T& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(4)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator-( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator-( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(5)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator-( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const T& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator-( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const T& rhs );

(since C++20)

(6)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator-( const T& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator-( const T& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(7)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator*( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator*( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(8)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator*( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const T& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator*( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const T& rhs );

(since C++20)

(9)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator*( const T& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator*( const T& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(10)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator/( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator/( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

(11)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator/( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                            const T& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator/( const std::complex<T>& lhs,                                      const T& rhs );

(since C++20)

(12)

template< class T > std::complex<T> operator/( const T& lhs,                            const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(until C++20)

template< class T > constexpr std::complex<T> operator/( const T& lhs,                                      const std::complex<T>& rhs );

(since C++20)

Implements the binary operators for complex arithmetic and for mixed complex/scalar arithmetic. Scalar arguments are treated as complex numbers with the real part equal to the argument and the imaginary part set to zero.

1-3) Returns the sum of its arguments.

4-6) Returns the result of subtracting rhs from lhs.

7-9) Multiplies its arguments.

10-12) Divides lhs by rhs.

Parameters

lhs, rhs

-

the arguments: either both complex numbers or one complex and one scalar of matching type (float, double, long double)

Return value

1-3) std::complex<T>(lhs) += rhs

4-6) std::complex<T>(lhs) -= rhs

7-9) std::complex<T>(lhs) *= rhs

10-12) std::complex<T>(lhs) /= rhs

Notes

Because template argument deduction does not consider implicit conversions, these operators cannot be used for mixed integer/complex arithmetic. In all cases, the scalar must have the same type as the underlying type of the complex number.

The GCC flag "-fcx-limited-range" (included by "-ffast-math") changes the behavior of complex multiply/division by removing checks for floating point edge cases. This impacts loop vectorization.

Example

Run this code

#include <complex>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::complex<double> c2(2.0, 0.0);
    std::complex<double> ci(0.0, 1.0);
 
    std::cout << ci << " + " << c2 << " = " << ci + c2 << '\n'
              << ci << " * " << ci << " = " << ci * ci << '\n'
              << ci << " + " << c2 << " / " << ci << " = " << ci + c2 / ci << '\n'
              << 1  << " / " << ci << " = " << 1.0 / ci << '\n';
 
/    std::cout << 1.0f / ci; / compile error
/    std::cout << 1 / ci; / compile error
}

Output:

(0,1) + (2,0) = (2,1)
(0,1) * (0,1) = (-1,0)
(0,1) + (2,0) / (0,1) = (0,-1)
1 / (0,1) = (0,-1)

See also

operator+=operator-=operator*=operator/=	compound assignment of two complex numbers or a complex and a scalar (public member function)
operator+operator-	applies unary operators to complex numbers (function template)

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