The sensor (shown above) uses a method called bioimpedance, which sends a small, safe electrical current through the body via strategically placed electrodes. (University of Texas / SWNS)
The current's flow depends on how hydrated the tissues are — hydrated tissue allows the current to pass easily, while dehydrated tissue resists the flow, according to SWNS.
"Arm bioimpedance is not only sensitive to hydration changes, but also aligns closely with whole-body hydration measurements," said study co-author Dr. Matija Jankovic, a post-doctoral researcher in Professor Lu’s lab.
"Dehydration is a silent threat that affects millions of people every day."
"This means the sensor can be a reliable surrogate for tracking hydration levels, even during everyday activities like walking, working or exercising," Jankovic added.
To validate the device, the research team conducted multiple experiments, including a diuretic-induced dehydration study and a 24-hour real-life trial.
Participants were given medication to promote fluid loss. Their hydration levels were monitored via the wearable and compared to urine samples.
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The device showed a strong correlation between changes in arm bioimpedance and total body water loss, SWNS reported. The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The new sensor could offer an accessible and wearable alternative to traditional hydration tracking methods, such as health problems like heatstroke, kidney stones and cardiovascular issues, according to experts.
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Beyond everyday use, the researchers believe the technology could benefit patients with chronic dehydration, kidney disease or
Severe dehydration can lead to serious health problems like heatstroke, kidney stones and cardiovascular issues.
While the current model tracks relative hydration changes, Professor Lu said the team aims to develop reference data for absolute hydration levels.
They are also exploring more advanced wearable formats, like breathable electronic tattoos or sweat-absorbing patches, to enhance comfort during long-term use.
"This is just the beginning," Professor Lu said, per the SWNS report. "Our goal is to make simple hydration monitoring accessible to everyone."
