PHP: Fallback to global space

Using namespaces: fallback to the global space for functions and constants

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

Inside a namespace, when PHP encounters an unqualified Name in a class name, function or constant context, it resolves these with different priorities. Class names always resolve to the current namespace name. Thus to access internal or non-namespaced user classes, one must refer to them with their fully qualified Name as in:

Example #1 Accessing global classes inside a namespace

<?php
namespace A\B\C;
class Exception extends \Exception {}

$a = new Exception('hi'); / $a is an object of class A\B\C\Exception
$b = new \Exception('hi'); / $b is an object of class Exception

$c = new ArrayObject; / fatal error, class A\B\C\ArrayObject not found
?>

For functions and constants, PHP will fall back to global functions or constants if a namespaced function or constant does not exist.

Example #2 global functions/constants fallback inside a namespace

<?php
namespace A\B\C;

const E_ERROR = 45;
function strlen($str)
{
    return \strlen($str) - 1;
}

echo E_ERROR, "\n"; / prints "45"
echo INI_ALL, "\n"; / prints "7" - falls back to global INI_ALL

echo strlen('hi'), "\n"; / prints "1"
if (is_array('hi')) { / prints "is not array"
    echo "is array\n";
} else {
    echo "is not array\n";
}
?>

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User Contributed Notes 1 note

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markus at malkusch dot de ¶

10 years ago

You can use the fallback policy to provide mocks for built-in functions like time(). You therefore have to call those functions unqualified:

<?php
namespace foo;

function time() {
    return 1234;
}

assert (1234 == time());
?>

However there's a restriction that you have to define the mock function before the first usage in the tested class method. This is documented in Bug #68541.

You can find the mock library php-mock at GitHub.

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