std::subtract_with_carry_engine

 

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Pseudo-random number generation

Uniform random bit generators   uniform_random_bit_generator (C++20) Random number engines linear_congruential_engine (C++11) mersenne_twister_engine (C++11) subtract_with_carry_engine (C++11) philox_engine (C++26) Random number engine adaptors discard_block_engine (C++11) independent_bits_engine (C++11) shuffle_order_engine (C++11) Predefined random number generators Non-deterministic random numbers random_device (C++11) Utilities generate_canonical (C++11) seed_seq (C++11) Random number algorithms ranges::generate_random (C++26) C random library rand    srand    RAND_MAX

Random number distributions Uniform distributions uniform_int_distribution (C++11) uniform_real_distribution (C++11) generate_canonical (C++11) Bernoulli distributions bernoulli_distribution (C++11) binomial_distribution (C++11) negative_binomial_distribution (C++11) geometric_distribution (C++11) Poisson distributions poisson_distribution (C++11) exponential_distribution (C++11) gamma_distribution (C++11) weibull_distribution (C++11) extreme_value_distribution (C++11) Normal distributions normal_distribution (C++11) lognormal_distribution (C++11) chi_squared_distribution (C++11) cauchy_distribution (C++11) fisher_f_distribution (C++11) student_t_distribution (C++11) Sampling distributions discrete_distribution (C++11) piecewise_constant_distribution (C++11) piecewise_linear_distribution (C++11)

 

std::subtract_with_carry_engine

Member functions

subtract_with_carry_engine::subtract_with_carry_engine

subtract_with_carry_engine::seed

Generation

subtract_with_carry_engine::operator()

subtract_with_carry_engine::discard

Characteristics

subtract_with_carry_engine::min

subtract_with_carry_engine::max

Non-member functions

operator==operator!= (C++11)(C++11)(until C++20)

operator<<operator>> (C++11)(C++11)

 

Defined in header <random>
template<     class UIntType,     std::size_t w, std::size_t s, std::size_t r > class subtract_with_carry_engine;		(since C++11)

Is a random number engine that uses subtract with carry algorithm.

Template parameters

UIntType	-	The result type generated by the generator. The effect is undefined if this is not one of unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, or unsigned long.
w	-	the word size, in bits, of the state sequence
s	-	the short lag
r	-	the long lag

If w is not in [1, std::numeric_limits<UIntType>::digits], or s is not in [1, r), the program is ill-formed.

Generator properties

The size of the states of subtract_with_carry_engine is \(\scriptsize O(r)\)O(r), each of them consists of two parts:

• A sequence X of r integer values, where each value is in [​0​, 2w
).
• An integer c (known as the carry ), whose value is either ​0​ or 1.

Given that \(\scriptsize X_j\)Xj stands for the \(\scriptsize j\mod r\)j mod rth value (starting from 0) of X, the transition algorithm of subtract_with_carry_engine (\(\scriptsize TA(x_i)\)TA(xi)) is defined as follows:

1. Let Y be \(\scriptsize X_{i-s}-X_{i-r}-c\)Xi-s-Xi-r-c.
2. Let y be \(\scriptsize Y\mod 2^w\)Y mod 2w
   , and set \(\scriptsize X_i\)Xi to y.
3. If Y is negative, set c to 1, otherwise set c to ​0​.

The generation algorithm of subtract_with_carry_engine is \(\scriptsize GA(x_i) = y\)GA(xi) = y, where y is the value produced in step 2 of the transition algorithm.

Predefined specializations

The following specializations define the random number engine with two commonly used parameter sets:

Defined in header <random>
Type	Definition
ranlux24_base (C++11)	std::subtract_with_carry_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>
ranlux48_base (C++11)	std::subtract_with_carry_engine<std::uint_fast64_t, 48, 5, 12>

Nested types

Type	Definition
result_type	UIntType

Data members

constexpr std::size_t word_size [static]	w (public static member constant)
constexpr std::size_t short_lag [static]	s (public static member constant)
constexpr std::size_t long_lag [static]	r (public static member constant)
constexpr std::uint_least32_t default_seed [static]	19780503u (public static member constant)

Member functions

Construction and Seeding
(constructor)	constructs the engine (public member function)
seed	sets the current state of the engine (public member function)
Generation
operator()	advances the engine's state and returns the generated value (public member function)
discard	advances the engine's state by a specified amount (public member function)
Characteristics
min [static]	gets the smallest possible value in the output range (public static member function)
max [static]	gets the largest possible value in the output range (public static member function)

Non-member functions

operator==operator!= (C++11)(C++11)(removed in C++20)	compares the internal states of two pseudo-random number engines (function)
operator<<operator>> (C++11)	performs stream input and output on pseudo-random number engine (function template)

Example

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 3809	C++11	default_seed might not be representable with result_type	changed its type to std::uint_least32_t

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